Keywords
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Psychiatry
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Bibliographic Review: ASD is a common, highly heritable, and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that has underlying cognitive features and often co-occurs with other conditions. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide, affecting 1 in 54 children with a male to female ratio of 4 to 1. Children with autism show hyperactivity, aggression, restlessness, anxiety and sleep disorders. This behavior favors social exclusion and limits the child's abilities, causing suffering. In addition, there is the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Final considerations: ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction. Its diagnosis is clinical based on the symptoms presented by the child, being made up to 3 years of age. The treatment is carried out in a multidisciplinary way with dietary interventions that include a gluten-free and casein-free diet and a ketogenic diet; pharmacological, mainly with antipsychotics that aim to treat the symptoms, but do not act on the disease itself; and education therapies and behavioral services.
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