Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Bibliographic review: GDM was defined as glucose intolerance of varying severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. GDM develops in women whose pancreatic function is insufficient to overcome the insulin resistance associated with the state of pregnancy, resulting in hyperglycemia. GDM affects approximately 14% of pregnancies worldwide and in Brazil it is estimated at 18%. Its prevalence is increasing mainly due to rising rates of obesity, sedentary lifestyles and women who become pregnant at older ages. Final considerations: GDM is an important cause of maternal-fetal complications such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and risk of cesarean section, macrosomia, neonatal jaundice during pregnancy. In addition, the long-term risks, mainly cardiovascular, for both the mother and the child can be mentioned. In this context, its identification through screening with fasting blood glucose and the oral glucose tolerance test is essential. Its treatment is done primarily through diet and physical activity and, if it has no effect, subcutaneous insulin is introduced.