Keywords
Erithroblastosis Fetalis
Pregnancy
Immune Response
Hematology
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze hemolytic disease of the newborn (DHRN) and its repercussions on maternal and child health. Literature review: The DHRN is a condition in which the pregnant woman, already sensitized with alloantigens, produces antibodies against the red blood cells of the fetus, occurring in cases of incompatibility by the ABO or Rh system in its majority. The antibodies produced by the mother are mostly of the anti-D type, and only the IgG class crosses the blood-placental barrier and causes the disease. For diagnosis, a study of maternal and paternal blood typing, obstetric ultrasound, and fetal Doppler velocimetry should be performed. When the disease is mild-moderate, there are no major repercussions and therapy can be carried out with a good prognosis; however, when a serious condition sets in, with the development of Kernicterus and dropsy, the treatment becomes more complex and costly. Final considerations: Because it is a preventable disease in most cases through prophylaxis by anti-D immunoglobulin, its use is recommended appropriately to reduce the onset of the disease and its complications.
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