Keywords
Protective Factors
Risk Factors
Health of the Elderly
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Abstract
Objective: To identify the factors influencing cognitive decline in elderly individuals. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, including articles published between 2019 and 2022. The guiding question was: “What are the factors influencing cognitive decline in elderly people?” Bibliographic research was conducted in the Publisher Medline (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) and Latin America and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) databases using Health Sciences Descriptors (DECS) such as Cognition, Protective Factors, Risk Factors, Health of the Elderly, and the boolean operator “AND” Results: The mechanisms involved in cognitive decline are guided by three main axes: lifestyle habits, education, and mental health, with focus on both protective and exacerbating factors. Therefore, elderly people with effective social ties, higher levels of education, integration into society through leisure and internet use, healthy lifestyle habits, and the absence of psychological disorders show better cognitive performance. However, each added detrimental factor proportionally exacerbates cognitive decline. Conclusion: The factors that contribute to cognitive decline in the elderly act synergistically and are related to the social and cultural of the elderly population.
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