Impact of nicotinic electronic devices for smoking on lung capacity

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the systemic effects on users of electronic smoking devices. Methods: This is a integrative literature review, with a qualitative approach, using a five-year time frame, from 2020 to 2024. The study design was integrated by applying the PICO strategy (acronym for P: population/patients; I: intervention; C: comparison/control; O: outcome) to guide data collection. The PICO strategy is a mnemonic that helps identify key topics where P: users of electronic smoking devices; I: Use of electronic smoking devices; C: Comparison with healthy individuals; O: Analyze the pulmonary effects of electronic smoking device users. Results: The increase in the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco, raises concerns about respiratory effects. Despite being promoted as safer alternatives, evidence shows that ENDS are associated with acute and chronic lung injuries, such as EVALI; in addition to decreasing lung capacity, causing cytotoxicity of e-liquids and inducing inflammatory responses. These adverse impacts affect respiratory function in the short and long term. Final considerations: We hope to fosternew studies on the topic, expanding investigations into the impacts of electronic smoking devices and encouraging research that clarifies the pathophysiological mechanisms, in addition to assisting in the formulation of public policies and awareness strategies.