Avances y beneficios de la cirugía robótica para la enfermedad cardíaca valvular: una revisión integrativa comparativa con el enfoque convencional

Abstract

Objective: To analyze and compare the effectiveness of robotic surgery and traditional surgery in the repair of valve lesions, highlighting advances and benefits of each approach. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted, with a qualitative approach, including publications from the last five years. The databases used were PubMed and Scopus, with the descriptors “robotic surgery”, “heart valve”, “heart valve diseases”, “surgery” and “robotic surgical procedures”, combined by Boolean operators AND and OR. Results: Robotic mitral surgery demonstrated a high success rate, low complication rates and rare conversions to open surgery. Patients presented less surgical trauma, faster recovery, better aesthetic results and early return to activities. Despite the longer initial operative time, the learning curve was rapid. The technique proved to be safe and effective, even in complex cases, as long as it was performed by a specialized team and with adequate patient selection. Final considerations: Robotic surgery for valvular heart disease is a safe and effective minimally invasive alternative to traditional sternotomy, with good results in specialized centers. However, its application requires rigorous selection criteria and additional studies to demonstrate long-term efficacy and safety.