Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: literature review

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the characteristics of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Bibliographic review: GERD is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal conditions, characterized by reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, with an incidence in Brazil ranging from 12% to 20%. Obesity, increasing age, family history of reflux disease and chronic consumption of certain medications (nitrates, calcium antagonists, benzodiazepines), smoking, anxiety/depression, and less physical activity are risk factors for GERD. The main symptoms of GERD are heartburn and regurgitation, and other symptoms such as chest pain or discomfort, dysphagia, belching, epigastric pain, nausea, and abdominal distension may be present. In addition, patients may experience extraesophageal symptoms such as coughing, hoarseness, throat clearing, pain or burning in the throat, and sleep disturbances. Final considerations: GERD is an extremely common clinical problem with significant morbidity, especially in western countries such as Brazil. Its typical symptoms are regurgitation and heartburn, causing a reduction in quality of life. In this sense, early recognition of symptoms is essential to prevent GERD complications such as Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Behavioral changes and advances in acid suppression remain an integral part of your treatment.