A general approach to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: literature review

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Bibliographic review: SLE is an autoimmune disease with a significant burden of disease, which occurs most frequently in young women between puberty and menopause. It is a disease associated with immunological phenomena such as antinuclear factor (ANF), also called positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA), low complements, positive double-stranded DNA, extractable nuclear antigen and antiphospholipid antibodies. Limited access to healthcare can delay diagnosis and treatment, increasing progression and severity. In Brazil, socioeconomic factors, particularities of the health system and few specialists create substantial barriers to diagnosis and treatment options. Final considerations: SLE is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the production of autoantibodies against a variety of autoantigens, including nuclear components, formation of immune complexes and deposition of immune complexes in a variety of organs, leading to inflammation and organ damage. The clinical symptoms and laboratory manifestations of SLE are extremely diverse. Treatment guidelines are based on initial therapy with hydroxychloroquine and glucocorticoids before moving to immunosuppressants and eventually biologics such as Rituximab or Belimumab for refractory patients.