Keywords
Rectal Fistula
Etiology
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Abstract
Objective: To gather data about surgical interventions performed for the treatment of anal fistulas. Methods: Integrative review with data collection through the PubMed platform. From this research, 170 articles were found and 17 complete articles were selected. Articles that don’t corroborate the theme, weren’t true or didn’t present relevant data for this study were excluded. Results: The therapeutic approach for the treatment of anal fistulas occurs, in general, through surgical interventions, with the objective of eliminating the path, preventing possible diseases and preserving the sphincter function. The choice of the best surgical technique will depend on factors such as the complexity and etiology of the fistula, which may be fistulotomy in one or two stages and Video-Assisted Anal Fistula (VAAFT), since it’s a minimally invasive and highly effective procedure for complex anal fistulas, with a low rate of recurrence. The three-dimensional anorectal ultrasound showed diagnostic importance by mapping and precisely quantifying the length of the muscles, acting in the classification of fistulas, in addition to avoiding unnecessary surgical interventions, as well as identifying possible recurrences after treatment. Final considerations: The relevance of a detailed etiological investigation is concluded in order to proceed with the most effective and conservative surgical technique.
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