Keywords
Neurology
Pediatrics
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in the pediatric context. Literature review: TBM is an infectious and transmissible disease, mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. It has a variable global prevalence, representing approximately 10% of all tuberculosis cases, with an average of 100,000 cases annually. The pathophysiology of TBM is linked to the systemic dissemination of bacilli, their passage through blood barriers, infiltration of the central nervous system, and the rupture of lesions in various areas of the brain, leading to infection and inflammation of the meninges. Diagnosis is made through a combination of specific and non-specific biomolecular tests, imaging findings, and the patient's medical history. The treatment of TBM involves antituberculosis therapy, similar to that used for pulmonary tuberculosis, corticosteroids, imaging follow-up, and rehabilitation therapies throughout the patient's care. Final considerations: TBM is a condition that requires the rapid association of diagnostic tools and early treatment to prevent the development of permanent sequelae and complications for the patient.
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