Keywords
Graves' ophthalmopathy
Hyperthyroidism
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Abstract
Objective: to analyze the characteristics of Graves' Disease (GD) and Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO). Bibliographical review: GD is an autoimmune thyroid syndrome characterized by the presence of antibodies directed against the TSH receptor (TRAbs), with an incidence of around 40/100.0.00 per year, with a higher incidence in women and observed with a peak in patients between 30 and 50 years of age. In addition to hyperthyroidism, extrathyroidal manifestations may be present, including GO, which affects approximately 50% of patients with GD, thyroid dermopathy and acropachy. Ocular involvement varies, occurring before, with, or after the onset of overt thyroid disease and presents as swelling, inflammation, redness, dryness, proptosis, and eyelid retraction. Final considerations: Reestablishing a euthyroid state is essential in GD in order to control its symptoms and ophthalmopathy when present. Therapy involves antithyroid medications such as methimazole and propylthiouracil, radioiodine or surgery, which is always the last choice and is reserved as the first option only for selected cases. It is important to highlight that radioiodine therapy can worsen ophthalmopathy and should not be used in patients with this condition.
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