Childhood leprosy

Abstract

Objective: To present a case of multibacillary (MB) childhood leprosy, emphasizing the importance of its treatment and longitudinal care. Case Details: A 10-year-old male patient with MB leprosy of the Virchowian type, presenting with skin patches and nodules. The diagnosis was confirmed after a positive bacilloscopy result. Multidrug therapy (MDT) was initiated, which successfully interrupted disease transmission. However, the patient developed a type 2 leprosy reaction and was prescribed Thalidomide and Prednisolone. Adverse reactions, including edema and fever, occurred, requiring medication adjustments and close medical follow-up. The patient now engages in normal daily activities and is awaiting dermatological care to address skin discoloration. Final Considerations: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. It is classified as Paucibacillary (PB) or Multibacillary (MB). Common symptoms include skin lesions and patches, reduced sensitivity, numbness, tingling, lumps and plaques, and decreased muscle strength. The most frequent mode of transmission is through saliva droplets expelled during speaking, coughing, or sneezing, in close and frequent contact with untreated patients. A less common form of transmission occurs via armadillos, which can act as reservoirs and transmit the bacteria.