Neuroprotection strategies in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: advances and perspectives

Abstract

Objective: To explore the advances and perspectives of neuroprotection strategies in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, aiming to contribute to the improvement of clinical care and quality of life of patients. Methods: This is an integrative review with a qualitative approach, carried out through searches in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the PICO strategy. Articles published between 2020 and 2024 that addressed neuroprotection strategies in Alzheimer's disease, based on clinical and experimental evidence, were included. Results: The analysis identified multiple promising approaches with neuroprotective potential, including natural compounds (ursolic acid, valeric acid, paeonol, quercetin), non-pharmacological therapies (yoga, physical exercise), and pharmacological strategies (ranolazine, donepezil, Cerebrolysin). The observed neuroprotective effects included cognitive improvement, reduction of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic modulation and preservation of gray matter. In silico studies also pointed to olive oil molecules as promising candidates. Final considerations: The evidence points to an expanding scenario in neuroprotection therapies, with pharmacological, natural and behavioral interventions showing positive results. However, there is still a need for robust clinical trials and translational validation to consolidate therapies in clinical practice.