Keywords
Estrogen deficiency
Inflammation
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the effects of estrogen deficiency during the menopausal transition and the impacts of menopausal hormone therapy on metabolism, inflammation, cardiovascular, bone, and musculoskeletal function. Literature review: Menopausal transition is characterized by decreased estrogen levels, leading to metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal changes. Hypoestrogenism contributes to low-grade chronic inflammation, body fat redistribution, insulin resistance, loss of bone and muscle mass, and impairment of cardiovascular and cognitive function. Menopausal hormone therapy can modulate these changes and is more effective when initiated early, within 10 years after menopause onset. Therapeutic effects depend on factors such as route of administration, formulation, and individual patient characteristics. An integrated approach considering metabolism, inflammation, and hormonal factors is essential to optimize clinical outcomes. Final considerations: Estrogen deficiency has multiple effects on the female body during postmenopause. Hormone therapy, when individualized and started early, can reduce inflammation, preserve bone and muscle mass, improve metabolic profile, and support cardiovascular health, representing an important strategy for maintaining well-being and functionality in postmenopausal women.
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