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Keywords
Cardiovascular disease
Diagnoses and treatment
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Abstract
Objective: Analyze the relation between anxiety and cardiovascular disease (CVD), point the best diagnostic methods and synthesize anxiety therapies in patients with cardiac comorbidities. Methods: This is an integrative review that used the Scielo and Pubmed databases to search for the descriptors: "Anxiety Disorders", "Cardiovascular disease", "Hypertension" and "Comorbidity". 406 articles were found and 15 were selected for this review. Results: CVD is the main cause of morbidity/mortality, being anxiety one of it’s risk factors. Patients affected with both anxiety disorder and CVD have higher mortality rates, poor therapeutic adherence and a more difficult commitment to a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, it’s recommended an early diagnosis and routine screening of this disease in cardiac patients through manuals and guidelines. Regarding pharmacological therapy, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and benzodiazepines are the main choices. Psychotherapy and physical activity must be associated with pharmacological therapy for better therapeutic results. Final considerations: Anxiety worsens the prognosis of CVD’s, but it doesn’t have a clear relation with these pathologies. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify these mechanisms and reaffirm the need for mental tracking in patients with cardiac injury.
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