Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las características del Hipotiroidismo Congénito (HC). Revisión bibliográfica: El hipotiroidismo congénito es el trastorno endocrino congénito más común. En esta enfermedad, la función de las hormonas que contienen yodo se interrumpe debido a la producción inadecuada de hormona tiroidea que puede ser el resultado de un error congénito del metabolismo de la tiroides, un defecto en la glándula o una deficiencia de yodo. Actualmente es una de las enfermedades endocrinas más prevalentes en la infancia. Afecta aproximadamente de 1:2000 a 1:4000 nacidos vivos. La mayoría de los niños con HC nacen con pocos síntomas o asintomáticos, siendo diagnosticados mediante tamizaje neonatal, el cual fue propuesto para permitir un diagnóstico precoz y prevenir el retraso mental, una de las principales complicaciones de la HC. Consideraciones finales: La HC congénita es la causa tratable más frecuente de retraso mental. Esta es una enfermedad que requiere tamizaje a todos los nacidos vivos entre el 3er y 5to día de vida a través de pruebas de tamizaje neonatal. El tratamiento con levotiroxina debe iniciarse en un plazo máximo de 14 días desde el nacimiento y el fracaso del tratamiento impone muchos costos socioeconómicos a los individuos, las familias y la sociedad.
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