Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las características del delirio en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Revisión bibliográfica: El delirio, una forma de disfunción cerebral aguda, es un problema común y complejo en la (UCI), caracterizándose como un trastorno que se desarrolla en un corto período de tiempo, fluctúa y representa un cambio agudo en la atención básica y la conciencia. La incidencia de delirio en la UCI oscila entre el 45 y el 87 % y la mayor tasa de incidencia se encuentra en pacientes de la UCI sometidos a ventilación mecánica alcanzando más del 80 %. El delirio puede presentarse como estados hiperactivos o hipoactivos y puede fluctuar entre los dos como delirio mixto. Consideraciones finales: El delirio es un problema grave en la UCI y se asocia a desenlaces adversos como mayor mortalidad, mayor estancia hospitalaria, mayores costes y mayor deterioro cognitivo posthospitalario. Así, la prevención y el tratamiento del delirio implican la identificación y eliminación de los potenciales factores de riesgo y las intervenciones no farmacológicas, siendo el tratamiento aplicado de forma acotada en el tiempo y a la menor dosis posible para el manejo de los síntomas altamente estresantes o de la conducta del delirio alto riesgo.
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