Palabras clave
Paciente interno
Trombosis
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad de la terapia anticoagulante en la prevención de la trombosis venosa en pacientes hospitalizados, con énfasis en la reducción de eventos tromboembólicos y reducción de las complicaciones asociadas al tratamiento. Metodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada a través de búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMED y VHL, utilizando los descriptores “Anticoagulant”, “Thrombosis” y “Patient”, junto con el operador booleano “AND”. Se incluyeron artículos publicados en los últimos 5 años, disponibles en su totalidad y que cumplieron con el objetivo de la investigación. Resultados: El estudio destaca la importancia de individualizar el uso de anticoagulantes para prevenir la trombosis venosa en pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente en grupos de riesgo como ancianos y pacientes con cáncer. Terapias como rivaroxaban, enoxaparina, mesoglicano y milvexian tienen diferentes perfiles de eficacia y seguridad, lo que requiere ajustes según la condición clínica. En pacientes con fibrilación auricular o sometidos a procedimientos invasivos, la elección entre monoterapia y terapia combinada debe considerar el riesgo de sangrado y el perfil del paciente. Consideraciones finales: La profilaxis y el tratamiento de la trombosis venosa son esenciales en la práctica clínica, requiriendo una elección cuidadosa e individualizada de los anticoagulantes de acuerdo al perfil y contexto clínico de cada paciente, buscando la eficacia y seguridad de cada medicamento.
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