Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar el síndrome de DiGeorge y sus manifestaciones ecográficas prenatales. Revisión de la literatura: El síndrome de DiGeorge es una enfermedad genética autosómica dominante que resulta de la depleción del brazo largo del cromosoma 22 (22q11.2). Este síndrome afecta aproximadamente a 1 de cada 3.000 nacidos vivos y presenta signos y síntomas distintivos. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes incluyen malformaciones cardiacas, inmunodeficiencia debida a malformaciones tímicas, alteraciones craneofaciales, agenesia paratiroidea y anomalías laringotraqueales. La ecografía obstétrica es un método de bajo coste que ya está incluido en la rutina prenatal y puede ser útil para el diagnóstico precoz. El síndrome se sospecha principalmente cuando se detectan malformaciones cardiacas en el segundo trimestre, y la investigación genética está indicada con la prueba de análisis in situ de fluorescencia (FISH) para detectar la microdeleción del cromosoma 22. El tratamiento se basa en un apoyo multiprofesional, adaptado individualmente a los fenotipos presentados en cada individuo. Consideraciones finales: el síndrome de DiGeorge presenta múltiples fenotipos, por lo que el uso de tecnologías como la ecografía prenatal es viable como cribado inicial para pruebas más específicas como la FISH, con el objetivo de mejorar los resultados obstétricos y fetales. La realización de nuevos estudios para estandarizar los hallazgos del síndrome puede resultar útil para facilitar el cribado.
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