Palabras clave
Ansiedad
Cáncer
Niño
Dolor
Realidad virtual
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Describir los efectos de la aplicación de la realidad virtual (RV) como intervención no farmacológica en el manejo del dolor y la ansiedad en niños y adolescentes sometidos a tratamientos oncológicos y evaluar su impacto en el bienestar y la experiencia hospitalaria. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, con artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años en los idiomas inglés, portugués y francés, con acceso completo, gratuito y en línea. Se utilizó como pregunta orientadora: ¿Cuáles son los efectos de la realidad virtual sobre el dolor, la ansiedad y los aspectos físico-psicológicos en pacientes oncológicos pediátricos? La búsqueda bibliográfica se llevó a cabo en marzo y abril de 2025 en las bases de datos National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science y SCOPUS (Elsevier), mediante los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS): Niño, Adolescente, Joven Adulto, Pediatría, Realidad Virtual, Terapia de Exposición a la Realidad Virtual, Cáncer, Oncología Médica, Neoplasia, Quimioterapia, Control del dolor, Dolor, Ansiedad, Gestión de la Atención al Paciente, Revisión, realizando combinaciones con los operadores booleanos “AND”, “OR” y “NOT”. Resultados: Se identificaron 193 estudios, de los cuales 21 fueron seleccionados para el análisis. Consideraciones finales: La RV es una intervención eficaz, destacándose frente a los métodos tradicionales de distracción, especialmente por reducir los aspectos físico-psicológicos de los pacientes pediátricos durante el tratamiento oncológico.
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