Palabras clave
Biomarcadores moleculares
Pronóstico
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Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar cuáles biomarcadores moleculares son más predictivos para el diagnóstico, pronóstico y la eficacia de las terapias personalizadas en pacientes con linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH). Métodos: Se trata de una revisión de la literatura, realizada mediante búsquedas en las bases científicas PubMed, Scielo y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). Se seleccionaron 24 estudios publicados, priorizando ensayos clínicos, estudios prospectivos, retrospectivos y multicéntricos que abordaron biomarcadores moleculares asociados a los resultados clínicos en pacientes con LNH. Resultados: Los estudios analizados destacaron que biomarcadores como TP53, MYC, BCL2, KMT2D, CREBBP y SOCS1, además del análisis del ADN tumoral circulante (ctDNA), son fundamentales para la estratificación pronóstica y la definición de estrategias terapéuticas en LNH. Además, la identificación de clústeres moleculares (MCD, BN2, EZB, ST2 y N1) y la clasificación según la célula de origen (COO) permite una predicción más precisa de los resultados clínicos, especialmente en terapias como CAR-T y anticuerpos biespecíficos. Consideraciones finales: Los biomarcadores moleculares optimizan el diagnóstico y el manejo terapéutico del LNH; sin embargo, la heterogeneidad metodológica limita la generalización de los resultados.
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