Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de la deficiencia de estrógeno durante la transición menopáusica y los impactos de la terapia hormonal en metabolismo, inflamación, función cardiovascular, ósea y musculoesquelética. Revisión bibliográfica: La transición menopáusica se caracteriza por la disminución de los niveles de estrógeno, lo que genera cambios metabólicos, inflamatorios y hormonales. El hipoestrogenismo contribuye a inflamación crónica de bajo grado, redistribución de grasa corporal, resistencia a la insulina, pérdida de masa ósea y muscular, y deterioro de la función cardiovascular y cognitiva. La terapia hormonal puede modular estas alteraciones, siendo más eficaz cuando se inicia de manera temprana, dentro de los 10 años posteriores al inicio de la menopausia. Los efectos terapéuticos dependen de factores como la vía de administración, la formulación y las características individuales de la paciente. Una estrategia integrada que considere metabolismo, inflamación y factores hormonales es esencial para optimizar los resultados clínicos. Consideraciones finales: La deficiencia de estrógeno ejerce múltiples efectos sobre el organismo femenino durante la posmenopausia. La terapia hormonal, cuando es individualizada y se inicia de manera temprana, puede reducir la inflamación, preservar la masa ósea y muscular, mejorar el perfil metabólico y favorecer la salud cardiovascular, constituyendo una estrategia relevante para mantener el bienestar y la funcionalidad en mujeres posmenopáusicas.
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