Palabras clave
Privación del sueño
Lesiones musculoesqueléticas
Atletas
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la privación del sueño y el riesgo de lesiones musculoesqueléticas en atletas, considerando los mecanismos fisiológicos, hormonales, cognitivos y neuromusculares involucrados. Revisión bibliográfica: El sueño desempeña un papel esencial en la recuperación metabólica, la reparación tisular y la regulación hormonal. La privación del sueño se asocia con una reducción de la secreción de la hormona del crecimiento, aumento de los niveles de cortisol y deterioro de los procesos anabólicos responsables de la recuperación muscular. Además, las alteraciones en la arquitectura del sueño afectan negativamente las funciones cognitivas y neuromusculares, como la coordinación motora, el tiempo de reacción y el control motor, aumentando el riesgo de lesiones deportivas. En atletas, la combinación entre altas cargas de entrenamiento y una recuperación inadecuada favorece la aparición de fatiga neuromuscular crónica y una mayor incidencia de lesiones por sobrecarga. Consideraciones finales: El sueño insuficiente constituye un importante factor de riesgo asociado a las lesiones musculoesqueléticas en atletas, por lo que resulta fundamental implementar estrategias orientadas a mejorar la calidad y duración del sueño para la prevención de lesiones y la optimización del rendimiento deportivo.
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