Keywords
Trauma
Depression
Childhood trauma
Childhood depression
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: Investigate the relationship between childhood depression following trauma and its impact on cognitive and emotional development, aiming to emphasize the need for effective interventions to prevent depression in adulthood. Methods: The integrative literature review involved the analysis of 46 studies found on the PubMed and BVS platforms of the Ministry of Health. Results: From the studies, it was possible to understand the complexity of childhood depression, its risk factors, and treatments, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and family and social support. The studies also expanded the view by exploring genetic factors, childhood traumas, gender issues, quality of life for affected children, and the influence of other contexts. The discussion reinterpreted the data, focusing on the relevance of preventing childhood depression as an investment in the well-being of society. Final Considerations: The ongoing importance of research, mental health education, and effective implementation of prevention and treatment programs to avoid the impact of childhood traumas on adult mental health is highlighted.
References
AIRHIHENBUWA CO, et al. Global Perspectives on Improving Chronic Disease Prevention and Management in Diverse Settings. Preventing Chronic Disease, 2021; 4(1): 13-25.
BERBER ÇELIK Ç e ODACI H. Does child abuse have an impact on self-esteem, depression, anxiety and stress conditions of individuals? Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2020; 14(1): 171–178.
BERTULE M, et al. Childhood abuse experiences, depression and dissociation symptoms in relation to suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. J Trauma Dissociation, 2021; 2(3): 598–614.
CAI J, et al. Long‐term effects of childhood trauma subtypes on adult brain function. Brain and Behavior, 2023; 13(5): 65-76.
CHEN H, et al. The Association Between Suicide Attempts, Anxiety, and Childhood Maltreatment Among Adolescents and Young Adults With First Depressive Episodes. Frontiers in Psych, 2021; 12(3): 17-26.
CRANDALL A, et al. The influence of adverse and advantageous childhood experiences during adolescence on young adult health. Child Abuse Negl, 2020; 3(1): 104644–104644.
FARES-OTERO NE, et al. Examining associations, moderators and mediators between childhood maltreatment, social functioning, and social cognition in psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 2023; 53(13): 5909–5932.
FREDRICK SS, et al. Resiliency in Young Adulthood and Associations among Retrospective Peer Victimization and Internalizing Problems. Journal of Child e Adolescent Trauma, 2021; 2(3): 32-49.
GOLTERMANN J, et al. Resting-state functional connectivity patterns associated with childhood maltreatment in a large bicentric cohort of adults with and without major depression. Psychological Medicine, 2022; 53(10): 4720–4731.
GRAVE U, et al. Differential effect of childhood emotional abuse on present social support in borderline disorder and depression: a cross-sectional study. European J of Psychotraumatol, 2021; 12(1): 25-38.
GRUMMITT LR, et al. Associations of childhood emotional and physical neglect with mental health and substance use in young adults. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2022; 5(1): 365–375.
HO GWK, et al. Patterns of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and their associations with mental health: a survey of 1346 university students in East Asia. Soc Psyc Psychia Epid, 2020; 13(4): 339–349.
HUMPHREYS KL, et al. Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse e Neglect, 2020; 102(3): 104361.
IOB E, et al. Adverse childhood experiences and severity levels of inflammation and depression from childhood to young adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study. Mol Psychiatry, 2022; 5(2): 2255–2263.
JOSS D, et al. Effects of a mindfulness based behavioral intervention for young adults with childhood maltreatment history on hippocampal morphometry: a pilot MRI study with voxel-based morphometry. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 2020; 301(3): 111087.
KELIFA MO, et al. Psychological resilience and current stressful events as potential mediators between adverse childhood experiences and depression among college students in Eritrea. Child Abuse Negl, 2020; 4(1): 104480–104480.
KIM Y, et al. Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms: self-esteem as a mediating mechanism. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 2022; 6(2): 331–341.
LEE H, et al. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental disorders in young adulthood: Latent classes and community violence exposure. Prev Med, 2020; 8(2): 106039–106039.
LEMON ED, et al. Depressive Symptoms in Relation to Adverse Childhood Experiences, Discrimination, Hope, and Social Support in a Diverse Sample of College Students. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities, 2022; 9(3): 992–1002.
LUTHAR SS, et al. Adverse childhood experiences among youth from high-achieving schools: Appraising vulnerability processes toward fostering resilience. Am Psychol, 2021; 7(2): 300–313.
MAYER SE, et al. The roles of comorbidity and trauma exposure and its timing in shaping HPA axis patterns in depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2020; 120(11): 104776.
MEDEIROS GC, et al. Childhood maltreatment and impact on clinical features of major depression in adults. Psychiatry Res, 2020; 8(2): 113412–113412.
MIRMAN A, et al. The imprint of childhood adversity on emotional processing in high functioning young adults. Human Brain Mapping, 2020; 42(3): 615–625.
NAKAMA N, et al. Early life stress impairs brain and mental development during childhood increasing the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2023; 15(2): 110783–110783.
NOVILLA LK, et al. Examining relationships between positive and adverse childhood experiences with physical and mental health indicators in a low-income adult sample. Child Abuse Negl, 2022; 10(2): 105902–105902.
O’SHIELDS J, et al. Allostatic load as a mediator of childhood maltreatment and adulthood depressive symptoms: A longitudinal analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2022; 13(1): 105839–105839.
POULSEN PH, et al. Influences of childhood family factors on depressive symptoms in adolescence and early adulthood: A Danish longitudinal study. Scand J Public Health, 2020; 5(2): 715–725.
SALOKANGAS RKR, et al. Childhood physical abuse and emotional neglect are specifically associated with adult mental disorders. Journal of Mental Health, 2019; 29(4): 376–384.
SHEN S, et al. Remote and adjacent psychological predictors of early-adulthood resilience: Role of early-life trauma, extraversion, life-events, depression, and social-support. PLOS ONE, 2021; 16(6): e0251859.
SVECOVÁ J, et al. The effect of childhood trauma and resilience on psychopathology in adulthood: Does bullying moderate the associations? BMC Psychol, 2023; 4(5): 230.
TAM NWY, et al. Individual, Peer, and Family Correlates of Depressive Symptoms among College Students in Hong Kong. International J of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023; 20(5): 4304.
VAN DEN OORD CLJD, et al. DNA methylation signatures of childhood trauma predict psychiatric disorders and other adverse outcomes 17 years after exposure. Molecular Psychiatry, 2022; 8(2): 37.
WAN Z, et al. Brain functional connectivities that mediate the association between childhood traumatic events, and adult mental health and cognition. eBioMedicine, 2022; 79(3): 104002.
WANG P, et al. Measuring childhood trauma in young adults with depression: A latent profile analysis. Asian J Psychiatr, 2023; 66(7): 103387–103387.
WANG W, et al. The Interaction Effects of Suicidal Ideation and Childhood Abuse on Brain Structure and Function in Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Neural Plasticity, 2021; 21(3): 1–10.
WEISSMAN DG, et al. Reduced hippocampal and amygdala volume as a mechanism underlying stress sensitization to depression following childhood trauma. Depression and Anxiety, 2020; 37(9): 916–925.
WRIGHT EM e SCHWARTZ JA. The influence of adverse childhood experiences on internalizing and externalizing problems in early adulthood: Evidence of a gene × environment × sex interaction. Child Abuse Negl, 2021; 13(4): 104962–104962.
YANG MJ, et al. Examination of the indirect effect of childhood emotional trauma on internalizing symptoms through distress intolerance. J Am Coll Health, 2022; 2(1): 1347–1353.