Pathophysiology and treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Objective: To provide a didactic review of the pathophysiology and treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Bibliographic review: COPD is a lung condition characterized by chronic and progressive airway obstruction, often associated with prolonged exposure to irritants. Its pathophysiology involves continuous inflammation of the airways, which results in damage to the lung parenchyma and, consequently, causes respiratory difficulties. Its prevalence is around 10% to 15% of the global population, making it the third leading cause of death worldwide. The diagnosis of the disease is made through patient history, physical examination, chest X-ray, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment includes medications such as bronchodilators, which are used to open the airways, along with oxygen therapy in cases of significant O2 drop. Final considerations: In summary, COPD is a condition that requires immediate diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent complications that may worsen the patient’s condition.