Impacts of weight loss with GLP-1 agonists: analysis of body composition and lean mass

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on body composition during weight loss, emphasizing changes in lean mass and their clinical, metabolic, and functional implications. Literature review: GLP-1 receptor agonists have become important therapeutic tools for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, promoting significant weight reduction through appetite suppression, increased satiety, and decreased caloric intake. Although weight loss achieved with these therapies occurs predominantly through reductions in fat mass, recent studies demonstrate that part of the weight reduction also involves lean mass. Therefore, preserving muscle mass has become a relevant concern, as excessive loss of lean tissue may impair functionality, physical capacity, and metabolic health. Strategies such as resistance training, adequate protein intake, and multidisciplinary follow-up have been proposed to minimize these effects. Final considerations: GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate high efficacy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic parameters, with predominant reduction in fat mass. However, the concomitant decrease in lean mass highlights the importance of monitoring body composition and implementing strategies to preserve muscle function during treatment.