Palavras-chave
Fístula arteriovenosa
Hemodiálise.
Como Citar
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Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar uma avaliação sobre os fatores de risco que proporcionam falhas em pacientes em hemodiálise com Fístula Arteriovenosa (FAV). Métodos: Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio de busca de artigos originais dos últimos 5 anos, nas bases National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo). Descritores em Ciência e Saúde (DeCS), em inglês, foram “Risk Factors”, “Hemodialysis”, “Arteriovenous Fistula”, associados ao operador booleano “AND”. Encontraram-se 170 artigos e selecionaram-se vinte, excluídos os que não atendiam aos critérios estabelecidos. Resultados: A avaliação dos fatores de risco é essencial para prevenir falhas. No sexo feminino, diâmetros arteriais menores dificultam a maturação da fístula. A hipertensão provoca diferença de pressão de pulso, gerando danos endoteliais, inflamação e maior permeabilidade vascular. A hiperfosfatemia pode desencadear vias apoptóticas, acelerando lesões, e altos níveis de PCR contribuem para hipercoagulabilidade. Considerações finais: A FAV é crucial ao paciente em hemodiálise, pois permite acesso seguro e eficaz ao sistema circulatório. Gerenciar fatores de risco, como sexo feminino, idade avançada, hipertensão, hiperfosfatemia e PCR elevada, é essencial para prolongar a duração da fístula, melhorar a qualidade de vida e reduzir falhas.
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