Palavras-chave
Microbioma humano
Esfregaço vaginal
Infertilidade
Infertilidade feminina
Como Citar
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Resumo
Objetivo: Reunir as evidências mais recentes da literatura sobre a relação entre a microbiota vaginal e a infertilidade feminina, destacando os principais mecanismos fisiopatológicos e possíveis terapias. Revisão bibliográfica: A microbiota vaginal exerce papel central na manutenção da homeostase local e na proteção contra patógenos genitais, prevenindo infecções e desequilíbrio nesse ambiente. Alterações nesse ecossistema, conhecidas como disbioses, têm sido associadas a desfechos reprodutivos adversos, incluindo infertilidade e falhas em tecnologias de reprodução assistida. Os achados atuais indicam que perfis de microbiota vaginal com baixa dominância de lactobacilos e presença de bactérias anaeróbias específicas podem comprometer a fertilidade. Discute-se também a utilização de probióticos, terapias antimicrobianas direcionadas e estratégias personalizadas de modulação da microbiota, que representam intervenções promissoras. Considerações finais: Considera-se que a integração da avaliação da microbiota vaginal na clínica reprodutiva não só pode ampliar o entendimento da etiologia da infertilidade, como também apontar para novas possibilidades diagnósticas, prognósticas e terapêuticas.
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