Obstructive Sleep Apnea Analysis: a literature review

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Bibliographic review: OSA is characterized by partial or complete interruption of breathing during nocturnal sleep, which results in repeated awakenings from sleep, oxyhemoglobin desaturation and daytime sleepiness. Apnea is defined as complete cessation of airflow for more than 10 seconds. These interruptions in breathing during sleep result in hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and lack of restful sleep. Among the risk factors for OSA are obesity, advanced age, male gender, increased neck circumference and craniofacial abnormalities. Final considerations: OSA affects nearly one billion people worldwide and represents a significant burden for individuals and the society. Excessive daytime sleepiness, poor concentration, and snoring are common symptoms of OSA. It is a serious public health problem due to its association with arterial hypertension, metabolic, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Because of this, knowledge about OSA is essential, providing early diagnosis and treatment with lifestyle changes and the use of continuous positive airways.