Keywords
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Treatment
Risks and Benefits
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To expose the main effects of hormone replacement therapy in different systems of the postmenopausal female organism. Methods: Integrative literature review through bibliographic research of qualitative and descriptive approach using the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and the Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases "Hormone Replacement Therapy" and "Menopause" were the descriptors used in the Health Sciences Descriptors. Results: All reviewed articles evaluated benefits and harms of hormone replacement therapy prescription in postmenopausal women, producing a study of possible improvements or negative outcomes of medication in various clinical scenarios. Final Considerations: The proposed study considered that hormone replacement therapy presents risks and benefits that should be evaluated before prescribing any type of hormone. Women who already have severe and moderate symptoms, mainly xerostomia, vulvovaginal and vasomotor symptoms, may need to use the therapy to improve their quality of life, due to the proven efficacy. For this, one should individualize and carry out periodic consultations to evaluate the improvement of complaints and new conduct, if it is possible to suspend the medication.
References
KLING JM, et al. Impact of menopausal hormone formulations on pituitary-ovarian regulatory feedback. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2019; 317(6): 912–920.
ZHANG L, et al. Menopausal Symptoms and Associated Social and Environmental Factors in Midlife Chinese Women. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2020; (15): 2195-2208.
VELENTZIS LS, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy: Characterising users in an Australian national cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2021; 16(8): e0253725.
SIMON JA, et al. Oral 17β-estradiol/progesterone (TX-001HR) and quality of life in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. Menopause, 2019; 26(5): 506–512.
CHLEBOWSKI RT, et al. Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy With Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality During Long-term Follow-up of the Women‘s Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA, 2020; 324(4): 369-380.
MIRKIN S, et al. Relationship vasomotor symptom improvements and quality of life and sleep outcomes in menopausal women treated with oral, combined 17β-estradiol/progesterone. Menopause, 2019; 26(6): 637–642.
DIEM SJ, et al. Effects of vaginal estradiol tablets and moisturizer on menopause-specific quality of life and mood in healthy postmenopausal women with vaginal symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. Menopause, 2018; 25(10): 1086–1093.
GORDON JL, et al. The Effect of Perimenopausal Transdermal Estradiol and Micronized Progesterone on Markers of Risk for Arterial Disease. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolis, 2020; 105(5): 2050–2060.
HERRERA AY, et al. Estradiol Therapy After Menopause Mitigates Effects of Stress on Cortisol and Working Memory. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2017; 102(12): 4457–4466.
El KHOUDARY SR, et al. Heart fat and carotid artery atherosclerosis progression in recently menopausal women: impact of menopausal hormone therapy: The KEEPS trial. Menopause, 2020; 27(3): 255–262.
JAYACHANDRAN M, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy, blood thrombogenicity, and development of white matter hyperintensities in women of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study. Menopause, 2020; 27(3): 305–310.
Al-ROUSAN T, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in postmenopausal women: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative. PLoS One, 2018; 13(12): e0207509.
El KHOUDARY SR, et al. Effects of Hormone Therapy on Heart Fat and Coronary Artery Calcification Progression: Secondary Analysis From the KEEPS Trial. JAHA, 2019; 8(15): e012763
OBER BA, et al. Effects of Hormone Therapy on List and Story Recall in Post-Menopausal Women. Experimental Aging Research, 2019; 45(3): 199–222.
PRENTICE RL, et al. Randomized Trial Evaluation of the Benefits and Risks of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Among Women 50–59 Years of Age. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2021; 190(3): 365–375.
MANSON JE, et al. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Long-term All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials. JAMA, 2017; 318(10): 927.
SUH MJ, et al. Effects of endogenous and exogenous o estrogen exposure on hearing level in postmenopausal women: A cross‐sectional study. Clinical Otolaryngology, 2021; 46(3): 508–514.
JU R, et al. Sexual dysfunction in Chinese women at different reproductive stages and the positive effect of hormone replacement therapy in the early postmenopause. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 2021; 26(3): 246–54.
HANSEN ESH, et al. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Development of New Asthma. Chest, 2021; 160(1): 45–52.
KHIALANI D, et al. Venous thrombosis with oral postmenopausal hormone therapy: Roles of activated protein C resistance and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. J Thromb Haemost., 2021; 19(7): 1729–1737.
NWARU BI, et al. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Severe Asthma Exacerbation in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: 17-Year National Cohort Study. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 2021; 9(7): 2751-2760.
PARK CW, et al. Fracture recurrence in hip fracture with menopausal hormone therapy versus risedronate: a clinical trial. Climacteric, 2021; 24(4): 408–414.
AHN SY, et al. The beneficial effects of menopausal hormone therapy on renal survival in postmenopausal Korean women from a nationwide health survey. Scientific Reports, 2021; 11(1):15418.
WANG L, et al. Role of hormone replacement therapy in relieving oral dryness symptoms in postmenopausal women: a case control study. BMC Oral Health, 2021; 615.