Keywords
Neurology
Genetics
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Bibliographic review: ALS, also known as motor neuron disease, is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle atrophy and paralysis. Its incidence ranges from 1 to 3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The diagnosis of ALS is based on medical history, physical examination, electrodiagnostic testing and neuroimaging. Its main signs and symptoms are: progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, muscle cramps, spasticity, dysarthria, dysphagia, dyspnea and emotional lability. Final considerations: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive and fatal disorder that causes degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. The disease has a median survival of about 3 years after the onset of symptoms, in which death is attributed mainly to respiratory failure. In this sense, the treatment of ALS should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team that aims to improve the patient's quality of life. The only drug approved for treatment is Riluzole, which has a small but significant effect on survival in ALS.
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