Keywords
Diabetes mellitus
Treatment outcome
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Abstract
Objective: To compare surgical versus clinical treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and mild to severe obesity. Evaluating the benefits of the two therapeutic modalities and seeking to answer which one brings more significant changes in the parameters of T2DM. Methods: This is an integrative review of the literature in the National Library of Medicine and Virtual Health Library databases. The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) were used: “bariatric surgery”, “diabetes mellitus” and “treatment outcome ”. The inclusion criteria were free full text, clinical trial, randomized controlled trial, published in English, Portuguese and Spanish between 2014 and 2024. Results: 12 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included relating to 1049 patients, 474 of whom underwent metabolic surgical treatment and 575 isolated clinical treatment associated or not with lifestyle changes. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 60 months. Final considerations: Metabolic surgical treatment is superior to clinical treatment for short- and long-term T2DM remission in terms of benefits on metabolic conditions and cardiovascular risk factors. However, this superiority is mainly associated with the reduction in obesity, which is much more intense in the surgical treatment group.
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