A general approach to gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objective: Describe the characteristics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Bibliographic review: GDM is defined as glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy. The main risk factors include advanced maternal age, obesity, poor eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle. In Brazil, approximately 18% of pregnancies have GDM. This condition can cause complications in the mother, such as adverse birth conditions and an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. For the baby, it can cause macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia and a risk of developing obesity and diabetes mellitus later in life. The main treatment is lifestyle changes, with the implementation of an appropriate diet, regular exercise and avoiding excessive weight gain during pregnancy. If glycemic goals are not achieved, pharmacological therapy with insulin or metformin can be instituted. Final considerations: It is concluded that recognizing GDM is essential because it is a condition that can cause both maternal and fetal complications. Strategies such as nutritional education and psychological support are essential for adherence to treatment and its success.