Effects of eletronic cigaretts on cardiovascular function of young adults

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular effects associated with the use of electronic cigarettes in young adults. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted based on PubMed, using a structured search strategy. The initial search identified 242 items; After removing duplicates and applying two pre- defined eligibility criteria, 20 studies pre-enter the requirements for inclusion in the analysis. Results: The literature shows various pathophysiological mechanisms that cause electronic cigarettes to affect cardiovascular function. The studies indicate an increase in inflammatory markers, oxidative stress and greater thrombogenic potential, indicating systemic inflammatory activation and measured endothelial dysfunction. Experimental tests demonstrate alterations in arterial elasticity, vascular reactivity and myocardial performance, in addition to the presence of cardiotoxic metals in inhaled aerosols. Notably, non- nicotine formulations also produce significant vascular effects, suggesting that non-nicotinic chemicals play an important role in endothelial injury and oxidative response. Final considerations: The use of electronic cigarettes is associated with subclinical, early and potentially progressive vascular alterations, configuring a relevant cardiovascular risk profile comparable to that observed in conventional cigarette smokers. These points highlight the need for rigorous long-term studies to elucidate the progress of these alterations and measure their long-term impact.