Anaphylactic reaction during general anesthesia: a case report

Abstract

Objective: To report a case of an anaphylactic reaction during general anesthesia, highlighting diagnostic challenges in the perioperative period, the therapeutic management implemented, and the importance of early recognition to reduce morbidity and mortality. Case details: A patient undergoing a surgical procedure under general anesthesia developed abrupt intraoperative hemodynamic instability characterized by refractory hypotension, tachycardia, and cutaneous manifestations after the administration of anesthetic agents and prophylactic antibiotics. Given the suspicion of perioperative anaphylaxis, therapeutic measures were immediately instituted, including administration of epinephrine, aggressive fluid resuscitation, and corticosteroid therapy, with favorable clinical response and hemodynamic stabilization. The patient showed good postoperative evolution without additional complications and was referred for outpatient follow-up and allergological investigation. Final considerations: Perioperative anaphylaxis, although rare, constitutes a potentially fatal emergency requiring a high degree of clinical suspicion. Early recognition and immediate treatment, especially with epinephrine as first-line therapy, are crucial for a favorable outcome. The adoption of institutional protocols, continuous team training, and appropriate post-event investigation are essential to prevent recurrence and ensure patient safety. Case reports contribute significantly to the dissemination of knowledge and to the improvement of evidence-based anesthetic practice.