Keywords
Metabolism
Hormones
Metabolic homeostasis
Metabolic syndrome
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the role of sleep deprivation as a metabolic risk factor, with emphasis on its hormonal effects on metabolic homeostasis. Literature review: Sleep deprivation is associated with significant metabolic alterations, including insulin resistance, weight gain, and increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Evidence shows that insufficient sleep promotes dysregulation of hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, cortisol, and growth hormone, affecting appetite, eating behavior, and glucose metabolism. Additionally, sleep loss favors the activation of inflammatory pathways and increased sympathetic activity, contributing to chronic low-grade inflammation. Circadian misalignment further intensifies these changes by impairing the synchronization between the biological clock and environmental cycles. Increased caloric intake, preference for high-calorie foods, and lack of compensation in energy expenditure are also observed. Final considerations: Sleep deprivation is a modifiable risk factor for metabolic disorders and should be considered in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
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