Palabras clave
Mortalidad Neonatal
Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales
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Resumen
Objetivo: Conocer los factores predisponentes de la mortalidad neonatal como subsidio para estructurar la atención y orientar las acciones de acuerdo con las especificidades y prioridades de este grupo. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca de artigos científicos nos meses de Março e Abril de 2021 nas plataformas PubMed, BVS, Medline e Scielo com os Descritores em Ciência da Saúde: “Fatores de Risco AND Mortalidade Neonatal AND Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal” nos idiomas portugués e inglés. Resultados: Los principales factores de riesgo de mortalidad neonatal fueron el género masculino, bajo peso al nacer, puntaje de Apgar bajo al nacer, anomalías congénitas, síndrome de dificultad respiratoria e infecciones. Los estudios indican que ha habido un aumento en las estadísticas de muertes en recién nacidos que pesan menos de 2.000 gramos. Consideraciones finales: Los niños con malformación congénita tuvieron una mayor incidencia de muerte en comparación con los que no. Estos factores de riesgo se consideran prevenibles y por lo tanto, es importante que los profesionales de la salud realicen educación en salud para mejorar el acceso a la atención prenatal con el fin de reducir los riesgos y cambios en los embarazos, previniendo partos prematuros y complicaciones, reduciendo así la mortalidad neonatal.
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