Palabras clave
Hernia Abdominal
Cirugía General
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Resumen
Objetivo: Presentar el manejo y cómo evitar la recurrencia de las hernias abdominales e inguinales. Revisión bibliográfica: Las hernias abdominales son protrusiones de vísceras u órganos que se presentan en puntos debilitados de la aponeurosis, caracterizándose como transitorias o permanentes, adquiridas o congénitas. Las hernias inguinales son causadas por un debilitamiento del canal peritoneal y vaginal o triángulo de Hasselbach. Para ambos existen etiologías multifactoriales y estas pueden recurrir dependiendo de las características del paciente y del tratamiento realizado. Las hernias abdominales generalmente recurren más que las inguinales, especialmente en los casos en que se utiliza tejido del propio paciente para restaurar la pared debilitada. La complicación más frecuente es el dolor crónico postoperatorio, que puede provocar limitación funcional e impactar directamente en el bienestar del paciente. El tratamiento de la hernia recurrente es quirúrgico, observando la técnica quirúrgica adecuada y el uso de malla sintética de polipropileno tanto en cirugía abierta como en cirugía videolaparoscópica. Consideraciones finales: La prevención es de suma importancia y debe realizarse en todos los casos. Así, los cuidados pre, intra y postoperatorios buscan minimizar los riesgos de complicaciones y recaídas, brindando a los pacientes una mejor calidad de vida.
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