Palabras clave
Trombosis venosa profunda
Ensayos clínicos
Seguridad terapéutica
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia y seguridad de los anticoagulantes en el tratamiento y la prevención de la trombosis venosa profunda y la tromboembolia pulmonar, basándonos en ensayos clínicos publicados en inglés y portugués. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura que incluyó ensayos clínicos aleatorizados disponibles en bases de datos científicas, abordando el uso de diferentes clases de anticoagulantes, como heparinas de bajo peso molecular, antagonistas de la vitamina K y anticoagulantes orales directos, en pacientes diagnosticados con trombosis venosa profunda o embolia pulmonar. Resultados: Los estudios analizados mostraron que los anticoagulantes orales directos, como rivaroxabán, apixabán y dabigatrán, presentaron una eficacia similar a la de la warfarina, con una menor incidencia de hemorragias mayores. Las heparinas de bajo peso molecular y el fondaparinux mostraron buenos resultados en la fase inicial del tratamiento, especialmente en pacientes postoperatorios. El uso de escalas clínicas, como HAS-BLED y Villalta, facilitó la evaluación del riesgo de hemorragia y la prevención del síndrome postrombótico. Consideraciones finales: Los anticoagulantes demostraron eficacia y seguridad en el tratamiento de la trombosis venosa, siendo los agentes orales directos una alternativa prometedora debido a su practicidad y menor riesgo hemorrágico.
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