Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre estrés e Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en estudiantes de medicina, analizando cómo los factores inherentes al curso influyen en los hábitos alimentarios y el estado nutricional. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 288 estudiantes entre el 1er y el 8vo semestre. Se utilizaron los instrumentos validados MSSQ, PSS y TFEQ-R21, además de un cuestionario sociodemográfico, con análisis por estadística descriptiva e inferencial y modelos de regresión logística (p<0,05). Resultados: Se encontró que el 91,3% de los estudiantes tienen niveles de estrés moderados a muy altos, con una prevalencia de sobrepeso del 24,3%, siendo significativamente mayor en hombres (45%). No hubo correlación lineal directa entre estrés percibido e IMC; Sin embargo, el estrés se correlacionó positivamente con la alimentación emocional (44,1 %) y la alimentación descontrolada (46,8 %), las cuales actuaron como predictores directos del aumento del IMC en la muestra. Conclusión: El estrés académico contribuye indirectamente al aumento de peso, proceso que está mediado por la adopción de conductas alimentarias disfuncionales utilizadas como mecanismos de afrontamiento. Es urgente implementar estrategias institucionales centradas en la salud mental y la educación nutricional.
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