Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar los avances en las estrategias de reposición de volumen en el trauma hemorrágico, enfatizando la evidencia actual relacionada con la resucitación hemostática y su impacto en los desenlaces clínicos. Revisión bibliográfica: La hemorragia constituye la principal causa prevenible de muerte en el trauma, por lo que el manejo precoz del choque hemorrágico es fundamental para la supervivencia. En las últimas décadas, se ha producido un cambio de paradigma, sustituyendo la administración liberal de cristaloides por estrategias de resucitación de control de daños, que incluyen la hipotensión permisiva, la terapia transfusional balanceada, el uso precoz del ácido tranexámico y la monitorización individualizada de la coagulación. La evidencia demuestra que estos enfoques reducen complicaciones como la hemodilución, la acidosis, la coagulopatía y la sobrecarga de volumen, además de favorecer el control de la hemorragia y preservar la perfusión tisular. Consideraciones finales: Los avances en la reposición de volumen han transformado el tratamiento del trauma hemorrágico al priorizar estrategias basadas en la evidencia que optimizan la hemostasia y reducen la mortalidad. La implementación de protocolos actualizados e individualizados constituye un componente esencial para mejorar los desenlaces clínicos de los pacientes víctimas de trauma.
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