Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar los factores asociados al bruxismo infantil. Revisión bibliográfica: El bruxismo se define como una actividad involuntaria de los músculos masticatorios y se clasifica en bruxismo del sueño (BS) y bruxismo en vigilia (BV). Presenta diversas manifestaciones clínicas, siendo las más comunes el desgaste dental, los ruidos de rechinamiento durante el sueño, la línea alba, la lengua indentada, los trastornos temporomandibulares y las alteraciones del sueño. Su etiología es multifactorial, asociada a factores como ansiedad, estrés y hábitos parafuncionales, además de influencias genéticas y ambientales. El diagnóstico se basa en el reporte de los padres sobre el rechinamiento dental, junto con una anamnesis detallada y un examen clínico cuidadoso. El manejo se fundamenta principalmente en estrategias conservadoras, con orientación a los padres para el control de los factores de riesgo. El uso de medicación y férulas oclusales se reserva para casos graves. Un enfoque multidisciplinario, que incluya intervenciones médicas, odontológicas, psicológicas y, cuando sea necesario, farmacológicas, es esencial para un manejo eficaz. Consideraciones finales: Aunque suele ser autolimitado, el bruxismo infantil puede generar repercusiones clínicas desfavorables, lo que resalta la importancia del diagnóstico precoz y del manejo multidisciplinario para prevenir complicaciones y mejorar la calidad de vida.
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