Palavras-chave
Doenças crônicas
Desenvolvimento infantil
Como Citar
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Resumo
Objetivo: Buscar na literatura científica as evidências que associam a prematuridade às doenças crônicas dos diversos sistemas do corpo humano. Revisão bibliográfica: A prematuridade eleva o risco de doenças crônicas no futuro, a qual está relacionada à interrupção precoce do desenvolvimento intrauterino dos sistemas do corpo humano. As alterações funcionais dos órgãos e modificações endócrino-metabólicas predispõem doenças como obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, e síndrome metabólica. Destaca-se também a displasia broncopulmonar, em que o comprometimento da vasculatura e do desenvolvimento alveolar é causado pela imaturidade do sistema e pelo suporte invasivo neonatal. Os distúrbios cognitivos e morfológicos do sistema nervoso também são influenciados pela prematuridade, evidenciando uma maior incidência de paralisia cerebral, autismo, epilepsia e transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. O aparelho digestivo, por sua vez, é afetado pelas mudanças da microbiota intestinal, as quais estão associadas à doenças graves como enterocolite necrosante e sepse tardia, além de aumentar o risco de asma, doenças alérgicas, anormalidades do desenvolvimento, obesidade de doenças mentais. Considerações finais: Apesar da necessidade de desenvolvimento de mais estudos, as relações entre a prematuridade e o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas dos sistemas do corpo humano estão evidenciadas na literatura.
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