Resumo
Objetivo: Explorar e analisar as evidências sobre emergências abdominais em pacientes oncológicos, identificando os principais desafios no diagnóstico e tratamento, bem como suas implicações no prognóstico e qualidade de vida. Métodos: Este estudo é uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, conduzida seguindo a estratégia PVO. Foram realizadas buscas na base de dados PubMed Central (PMC) usando termos específicos, resultando em 106 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão – artigos dos últimos 10 anos relacionados ao tema – 15 artigos foram selecionados. Resultados: Cirurgias paliativas para pacientes com obstrução intestinal maligna carecem de critérios claros para identificar quem pode se beneficiar. O Seprafilm é amplamente utilizado na prevenção de obstruções intestinais por aderências pós-cirurgias gastrointestinais, sem aumentar complicações como infecções ou vazamentos. O uso de somatostatina ou octreotídeo reduz secreções pancreáticas, favorecendo o manejo conservador. No tratamento cirúrgico do câncer colorretal, complicações como hérnia incisional (IH) e infecções do sítio cirúrgico (SSI) afetam diretamente a recuperação e a qualidade de vida. Considerações finais: São necessárias futuras investigações e contínua atualização dos profissionais para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes oncológicos.
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