Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar as evidências científicas sobre o uso de agonistas do receptor de GLP-1 (GLP-1RAs) no manejo da nefropatia diabética (ND), com ênfase nos mecanismos de ação, benefícios renais e cardiovasculares, segurança e eficácia em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) e doença renal crônica (DRC). Revisão bibliográfica: A ND é a principal causa de DRC, afetando 20–40% dos indivíduos com DM2 e aumentando o risco de eventos cardiovasculares e progressão para doença renal terminal. O diagnóstico precoce baseia-se na presença de albuminúria e na taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (TFGe). Os GLP-1RAs promovem nefroproteção por mecanismos como natriurese, redução da albuminúria e modulação da endotelina-1. Ensaios clínicos demonstram redução na progressão da DRC e em eventos cardiovasculares nesses pacientes. São indicados para DM2 com DRC e TFGe >25 mL/min/1,73 m², oferecendo ainda perda ponderal e baixo risco de hipoglicemia. Efeitos adversos, principalmente gastrointestinais, são comuns, porém manejáveis. Considerações finais: Os GLP-1RAs representam uma inovação terapêutica na ND, com eficácia e segurança comprovadas nas diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes, da American Diabetes Association e da KDIGO. Apontam para um manejo mais eficaz e integrado, além de novas possibilidades para pesquisa clínica.
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