Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e segurança do nifurtimox (NFX) no tratamento da Doença de Chagas (DC), destacando benefícios e limitações em diferentes fases clínicas. Métodos: A revisão foi conduzida nas bases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs e Cochrane Library, considerando estudos originais publicados entre 2014 e 2024 em português, inglês ou espanhol. Seguiu-se os passos propostos por Souza, Silva e Carvalho (2010): elaboração da pergunta norteadora, busca, seleção, análise crítica e síntese dos resultados. Resultados: O NFX demonstrou maior eficácia em crianças e em fases precoces da doença, com taxas de soroconversão acima de 50% e redução expressiva da parasitemia confirmada por PCR. Em adultos na fase crônica, os benefícios foram mais modestos, mas ainda relevantes, incluindo melhora clínica e cardiológica em determinados casos. Quanto à segurança, os eventos adversos mais frequentes foram gastrointestinais e neurológicos, geralmente leves ou moderados. Considerações finais: O NFX apresenta eficácia consistente, especialmente em populações pediátricas e nas fases aguda e crônica precoce da DC, com perfil de segurança previsível e manejável. Apesar da eficácia reduzida em adultos crônicos, mantém-se como opção terapêutica importante.
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