Palavras-chave
Desnutrición proteica
Placenta
Ovario
Sistema endocannabinoide
Como Citar
Copyright © | Todos os direitos reservados.
A revista detém os direitos autorais exclusivos de publicação deste artigo nos termos da lei 9610/98.
Reprodução parcial
É livre o uso de partes do texto, figuras e questionário do artigo, sendo obrigatória a citação dos autores e revista.
Reprodução total
É expressamente proibida, devendo ser autorizada pela revista.
Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da desnutrição proteica gestacional sobre a interface ovário–placenta, com ênfase nos mecanismos oxidativos, inflamatórios e na modulação pelo sistema endocanabinoide. Revisão bibliográfica: A gestação exige adaptações morfofuncionais complexas do sistema reprodutor feminino, nas quais o aporte proteico adequado é essencial para a esteroidogênese ovariana, placentação, angiogênese e homeostase redox. A restrição proteica compromete a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, favorece o acúmulo de espécies reativas de oxigênio e ativa vias inflamatórias, como NF-κB, resultando em disfunções placentárias, prejuízo da vascularização materno-fetal e alterações hormonais. O sistema endocanabinoide exerce papel central na implantação embrionária, imunotolerância e desenvolvimento placentário. Evidências experimentais indicam que no canabidiol apresenta propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias, com capacidade de modular vias como Nrf2, PI3K/Akt/mTOR e CREB, sugerindo potencial influência sobre a homeostase ovariana e placentária. Considerações finais: A desnutrição proteica gestacional representa um fator crítico de risco para disfunções na interface ovário–placenta. Embora o canabidiol apresente potencial modulador desses mecanismos, sua utilização durante a gestação requer cautela e maior embasamento científico.
Referências
AFTAB N, et al. Development of tailored non psychoactive Cannabis sativa L. genotypes in half sib seed progeny segregation generation adhering to requirements through morpho-cannabinoid & terpene profile diversity. Food Research International, 2025; 117476.
ALLEN S, et al. Cannabidiol exposure during rat pregnancy leads to labyrinth-specific vascular defects in the placenta and reduced fetal growth. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2024; 3: 766-780.
ALVES P, et al. Cannabidiol disrupts apoptosis, autophagy and invasion processes of placental trophoblasts. Archives of toxicology, 2021; 10: 3393-3406.
AVNON T, et al. The impact of a vegan diet on pregnancy outcomes. Journal of Perinatology, 2021; 5: 1129-1133.
AYALEW H, et al. Ontogeny and function of the intestinal epithelial and innate immune cells during early development of chicks: to explore in ovo immunomodulatory nutrition. Poultry Science, 2025; 1: 104607.
BUSS C, et al. Fetal programming of brain development: intrauterine stress and susceptibility to psychopathology. Science signaling, 2012; 5: pt7-pt7.
CAIN JW, et al. SPARC expression in the mouse decidua, placenta, and fetus: correlations with SPP1 expression. Placenta, 2025.
CHEN X, et al. Proangiogenic Macrophage Development in Human Prenatal Stage: A Key Element in Maternal-Fetal Medicine Puzzle. Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 2024; 1: 5-8.
DE ASSIS LIMA IV, et al. Cannabidiol anticonvulsant effect is mediated by the PI3Kγ pathway. Neuropharmacology, 2020; 176: 108156.
DE MOURA TDB, et al. Preeclampsia and transport of ions and small molecules: A literature review. Placenta, 2024; 156: 77-91.
DEER E, et al. The role of immune cells and mediators in preeclampsia. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 2023; 4: 257-270.
DUHIG K, et al. Oxidative stress in pregnancy and reproduction. Obstetric medicine, 2016; 3: 113-116.
EJIKEME C, et al. Respiratory physiological changes in pregnancy. Respiratory Medicine, 2025; 246: 108245.
EL BAKALI I, et al. A Comparative Phytocannabinoid profiling of resin from five hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars from central-northern Morocco. Food Chemistry Advances, 2025; 101069.
EKINER SA, et al. The molecular activity of cannabidiol in the regulation of Nrf2 system interacting with NF-κB pathway under oxidative stress. Redox Biology, 2022; 57: 102489.
ETIENNE R, et al. Aspectos fisiopatológicos da inflamação e o planejamento de fármacos: uma visão geral atualizada. Rev. Virtual Quim, 2021; 1: 167-191.
GUO Y, et al. Maternal protein deficiency impairs peroxisome biogenesis and leads to oxidative stress and ferroptosis in liver of fetal growth restriction offspring. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2023; 121: 109432.
GURM H, et al. Sinalização canabinoide na interação imuno-reprodutiva durante a gravidez humana. Biomedicines, 2021; 3: 267.
HALES CN, BARKER DJP. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. International journal of epidemiology, 2013; 5: 1215-1222.
HUPPERTZ B. Trophoblast invasion: remodelling of spiral arteries and beyond. In: Preeclampsia: basic, genomic, and clinical. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018; 47-62.
JOSOWITZ R, et al. The placenta in congenital heart disease: form, function and outcomes. NeoReviews, 2023; 9: e569-e582.
KEIMPEMA E, HARKANY T. Molecular and cellular principles of endocannabinoid signaling and their sensitivity to cannabis in the developing brain. In: Cannabis and the Developing Brain. Academic Press, 2022. p. 149-170.
KHINE PP, et al. MR of fallopian tubes: MR imaging clinics. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics, 2023; 1: 29-41.
LIU l, et al. Decoding the molecular pathways governing trophoblast migration and placental development; a literature review. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2024; 15: 1486608.
LU HC, MACKIE K. Review of the endocannabinoid system. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 2021; 6: 607-615.
MARESCA S, et al. Effect of protein restriction of bovine dams during late gestation on offspring postnatal growth, glucose-insulin metabolism and IGF-1 concentration. Livestock Science, 2018; 212: 120-126.
MÜLLER O, KRAWINKEL M. Malnutrition and health in developing countries. Cmaj, 2005; 3: 279-286.
PAPAGEORGHIOU AT, et al. The INTERGROWTH-21st fetal growth standards: toward the global integration of pregnancy and pediatric care. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2018; 2: S630-S640.
PAULESU L, et al. hCG and its disruption by environmental contaminants during human pregnancy. International journal of molecular sciences, 2018; 3: 914.
PENG J, et al. A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of cannabidiol (CBD). Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2022; 4: 439-456.
PETE DD, NAROUZE SM. Endocannabinoids: Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). In: Cannabinoids and Pain. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021; 63-69.
REYNOLDS LP, et al. Developmental programming of fetal growth and development. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2019; 2: 229-247.
ROSARIO FJ, et al. Maternal protein restriction in the rat inhibits placental insulin, mTOR, and STAT3 signaling and down-regulates placental amino acid transporters. Endocrinology, 2011; 3: 1119-1129.
SILVA AJ, et al. Uso do canabidiol (Cannabis sativa L.) como possível forma de tratamento para doença trofoblástica gestacional associada a Mola Hidatiforme. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 2024; 9: e17261.
SPICAROVA D, PALECEK J. Anandamide-mediated modulation of nociceptive transmission at the spinal cord level. Physiological Research, 2024; 1: S435.
STANZIANO A, et al. The use of real time strain endometrial elastosonography plus endometrial thickness and vascularization flow index to predict endometrial receptivity in IVF treatments: a pilot study. BMC Medical Imaging, 2023; 1: 130.
STEPHENS TV, et al. Healthy pregnant women in Canada are consuming more dietary protein at 16-and 36-week gestation than currently recommended by the Dietary Reference Intakes, primarily from dairy food sources. Nutrition research, 2014; 7: 569-576.
SURYAWANSHI H, et al. A single-cell survey of the human first-trimester placenta and decidua. Science advances, 2018; 10: eaau4788.
TOK A, et al. The effect of mode of delivery on oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in the mother, neonate and maternal milk. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2025; 25: 726.
WILINSKA M, et al. Oxidative stress and total antioxidant status in term newborns and their mothers. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 2015; 22: 4.