Resumo
Objetivo: Revisar sobre o uso da bioengenharia tecidual e da bioimpressão tridimensional (3D) na reconstrução de orelhas como alternativa para reabilitação bucomaxilofacial. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, conduzida por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados PubMed e Embase com os descritores “Bioprinting”, “Ear” e “Cartilage”, combinados pelo operador “AND”. Aplicando filtro para os últimos cinco anos, foram encontrados 28 artigos em inglês. Após análise de títulos e resumos, 21 foram excluídos por não atenderem aos critérios, como revisões, estudos in vitro ou fora do tema. Assim, 7 estudos laboratoriais in vivo foram incluídos. Resultados: A engenharia tecidual associada à bioimpressão 3D demonstrou potencial na reconstrução auricular em pacientes com defeitos maxilofaciais. Diferentes biomateriais foram utilizados, incluindo hidrogéis combinados com malhas de ácido poliglicólico contendo condrócitos, nanocelulose bacteriana e policaprolactona. Esses materiais apresentaram boas propriedades biomecânicas, favorecendo a proliferação celular e a regeneração cartilaginosa in vivo. Considerações finais: A bioimpressão 3D permite a criação de estruturas personalizadas que reproduzem a anatomia da orelha humana, garantindo biocompatibilidade e bons resultados estéticos. A associação de biomateriais com hidrogéis mostra-se promissora para futuras aplicações clínicas na reconstrução da orelha externa.
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