Resumo
Objetivo: Compreender a interação entre a neuroinflamação e a disfunção da barreira hematoencefálica na Doença de Alzheimer, destacando os principais mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos e suas implicações terapêuticas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com inclusão de estudos publicados entre 2020 e 2025, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade e leitura dos estudos na íntegra, 12 artigos compuseram a amostra final. Resultados: Os achados evidenciaram que a neuroinflamação, induzida principalmente pelo acúmulo de β-amiloide e pela ativação glial, compromete a integridade da barreira hematoencefálica por meio do aumento da permeabilidade vascular, disfunção de proteínas de junção e ativação de vias inflamatórias, como o inflamassoma NLRP3. Observou-se ainda uma relação bidirecional entre inflamação e ruptura da barreira, favorecendo a progressão da neurodegeneração e do declínio cognitivo. Considerações finais: A interação entre neuroinflamação e disfunção da barreira hematoencefálica desempenha papel central na fisiopatologia da Doença de Alzheimer, constituindo alvo promissor para biomarcadores e estratégias terapêuticas futuras.
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