Resumo
Objetivo: Descelularizar e caracterizar, histológica e bioquimicamente, a matriz extracelular (MEC) da polpa de molares suínos formados (M1) e em formação (M2), comparando tecidos nativos e descelularizados. Métodos: Estudo experimental in vitro com polpas coronárias de molares suínos de abate comercial, divididas em M1 (irrompidos, com raiz formada) e M2 (intraósseos, em formação). Aplicou-se protocolo livre de enzimas e de Triton X-100, à base de EDTA e SDS. Realizaram-se quantificação de DNA e de colágeno, histologia (H&E, Tricrômico de Masson e DAPI) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, com ANOVA de uma via e post-hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: A descelularização removeu o conteúdo celular de ambas as polpas, com ausência de núcleos e redução do DNA de 92,7% em M1 e 96,8% em M2 (p<0,0001), sem diferença residual entre os grupos (p=0,60). As polpas M2, coletadas apenas da maxila, renderam maior massa por dente (1,173 g contra 0,377 g) e mantiveram o colágeno estável. Observou-se arcabouço poroso em ambos os grupos, com incrustações mineralizadas Conclusão: O protocolo conservador descelularizou eficazmente ambas as polpas. Dentes em estágios distintos de desenvolvimento fornecem MEC com características próprias, relevantes para a seleção do arcabouço em endodontia regenerativa.
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